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In recent years there have been further
2024-05-20

In recent years, there have been further significant developments that enhance an understanding of the role of adenosine in nociception. Thus, novel methods of recruiting adenosine A1Rs have been developed, and the role of adenosine A2A- and A3Rs in nociception has been further elaborated. Furthermo
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ACK can be localized to clathrin coated vesicles
2024-05-20

ACK1 can be localized to clathrin-coated vesicles [1]. The association of SNX9 with synaptojanin-1 would suggest the two cooperate during endocytosis at the synapse by coupling the sorting nexin to changes in phospholipid composition. ACK1 in turn negatively regulates the association of SNX9 with ta
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The adult muscle type acetylcholine receptor AChR
2024-05-20

The adult muscle-type KU-0063794 receptor (AChR), the exemplar pLGIC, is a heteropentamer comprising two α subunits, and one each of the β, δ, and ɛ subunits (Sine, 2012). These five subunits come together in a counterclockwise α-ɛ-α-δ-β arrangement (Figure 1A). Binding of acetylcholine to the AChR
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br The cytochrome P enzyme hydroxylase
2024-05-20

The cytochrome P450 enzyme 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (P450) is involved in the production of the C containing androgen precursors from the C containing steroids such as the pregnanes and progestins (). Steroids such as androstenedione (AD) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) are therefore synthesi
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Later on Wayner Burton Ingold Barclay
2024-05-20

Later on, Wayner, Burton, Ingold, Barclay, and Locke (1987) modified the method by using lipid to examine the ability of an antioxidant Free Fatty Acid Quantification Colorimetric/Fluorometric Kit protect against lipid peroxidation generated by azo-compound. It was later improved using β-phycoerythr
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The advantage of active immunotherapy is long
2024-05-20

The advantage of active immunotherapy is long-term antibody production from short-term drug administration at limited cost. Conversely, immune response may be inconsistent or lacking, especially in older individuals, and adverse reactions—if immunologically based—may also be long-lasting. Initial ex
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In our previous work diffuse deposition patterns of
2024-05-20

In our previous work, diffuse deposition patterns of neocortical Aβ and a hierarchical upward spreading pattern of tau were determined with in vivo 18F-florbetaben and 18F-flortaucipir positron emission tomography (PET) studies, based on the regional frequency of involvement by tau and Aβ (Cho et al
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The proposed formulation is however challenging to
2024-05-18

The proposed formulation is, however, challenging to solve since the structured sparsity-inducing norms are non-smooth. In order to solve the new objective function, we consider two different approaches: proximal averaging, which takes the average the solutions from the proximal operator for the ind
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COPD is almost unheard of in individuals less than
2024-05-18

COPD is almost unheard of in individuals less than 40 years of age (even among heavy smokers), 1 in 10 lifetime never-smokers and 1 in 3 develop COPD by age 75 [26], unquestionably, COPD is an age-related disorder. This notion of accelerated ageing of COPD is supported by animal models, which demons
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The present study determined the effect of DCA on VSMC
2024-05-18

The present study determined the effect of DCA on VSMC calcification in vitro and in atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice in vivo. We found that S63845 non-toxic concentrations of DCA, did not affect VSMC viability, induced calcification of VSMC in culture and increased atherosclerotic vascular calcificati
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We stimulated HNEpC cells with LPS found
2024-05-18

We stimulated HNEpC cells with LPS found that the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and the expression of AHR was increased significantly, and miR124 was reduced. It has been found that LPS as a foreign substance can bind to the TLR family of proteins to activate intracellular AHR signaling [[19],
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In earlier experiments on snails a behavioral model was
2024-05-18

In earlier experiments on snails, a behavioral model was employed of certain food rejection to study the mechanisms of the reconsolidation of long-term associative memory. It was found that conditioned food stimuli (reminder) presentation, combined with injections of NMDA glutamate receptor antagoni
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Although the immobilization by histidine tag exhibits effect
2024-05-18

Although the immobilization by histidine tag exhibits effectiveness in oriented enzyme immobilization, it still faces some challenges [31]. On one hand, some unnecessary metal-binding proteins that interfere with the combination between the target protein and the supports or the additional interacti
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Extracellular ATP and downstream purinergic signaling have a
2024-05-18

Extracellular ATP and downstream purinergic signaling have also been proposed to contribute to dental pulp tissue healing and dentin regeneration. Mechanical and thermal stimulation of external dentin can induce ATP release in dental pulp through pannexins [13]. Cold stimulation was also reported to
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Adenosine receptors are proposed to play proangiogenic role
2024-05-18

Adenosine receptors are proposed to play proangiogenic role in vascular and immune Atglistatin within microenvironment of hypoxic tissues to maintain tissue oxygenation in chronic ischemic condition [9]. Adenosine also stimulates the production of angiopoetin-1, VEGF and Interleukin-6 (IL6) via aden
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