• In addition to understanding the GEF GAP cycle regulating

  2021-10-18

  

  In addition to understanding the GEF-GAP cycle regulating Rho-family GTPases, studies have continued to address the role of the Rho-GDIs, which binds to the geranylgeranyl tail to sequester Rho-family GTPases from interacting with lipid membranes, preventing their activation. Whilst it would be temp

• br Concluding Remarks Given the increasing global incidence

  2021-10-18

  

  Concluding Remarks Given the increasing global incidence of metabolic disorders, new drugs that lower body weight and improve glucose tolerance are desperately needed. While we still have a long way to go, GPR55 might be an interesting target to explore, given its expression in numerous metabolic

• Cichlasoma dimerus as most teleost fish

  2021-10-18

  

  Cichlasoma dimerus, as most teleost fish species, present neurons expressing GnRH3 (Pandolfi et al., 2005). As in most AG-126 species, the neurons expressing GnRH3 are mainly located in the NOR, although few neurons were detected in the olfactory bulb, ventral telencephalon and the POA (González-Ma

• Heparin and suramin are highly negatively charged molecules

  2021-10-18

  

  Heparin and suramin are highly negatively charged molecules, and they are in this aspect, similar to DNA and likely to compete with DNA by binding to the protein cationic groups [17] (Fig. 1). The inhibitory effect of heparin and suramin on DNA and RNA binding proteins has been described [[18], [19]

• A further generally applicable approach for

  2021-10-18

  

  A further generally applicable approach for the synthesis of N-linked glycopeptides involves the convergent Lansbury aspartylation of glycosylamines. Here, the detrimental formation of aspartimides during the activation of the side chain aspartate can be prevented through the use of Ser/Thr pseudopr

• The glycine receptor is an ionotropic neurotransmitter recep

  2021-10-18

  

  The glycine receptor is an ionotropic neurotransmitter receptor coupled to a chloride ion channel. Glycine receptors are typically described as inhibitory and distributed in the spinal cord and brainstem, though mRNA transcription labelling studies in rats show expression in the hippocampus, cingula

• br Results and discussion br Conclusions TZDs represent

  2021-10-18

  

  Results and discussion Conclusions TZDs represent a well-studied group of antidiabetic agents. Based on previous observations of the ability of some TZDs to activate FFAR1, we designed five scaffolds consisting of the TZD head, a linker, and a carefully selected privileged structure. For the p

• Overnight mg dexamethasone suppression testing DST of the Bc

  2021-10-18

  

  Overnight 1-mg dexamethasone suppression testing (DST) of the BclI polymorphism carriers found them to have lower cortisol levels, suggesting an increased sensitivity to GCs with respect to the transrepression effect of cortisol on the POMC gene of the corticotroph pituitary cells [28]. The exact me

• Introduction The Hedgehog Hh signaling pathway regulates

  2021-10-18

  

  Introduction The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway regulates embryonic organogenesis, tissue patterning, and cell differentiation (Armas-Lopez et al., 2017, Ingham and McMahon, 2013). Aberrant activation of Hh signaling pathway contributes to tumor formation and development of various cancers includi

• Exposure of human and animals to MPTP can reproduce all

  2021-10-18

  

  Exposure of human and animals to MPTP can reproduce all the characteristic motor and non-motor signs of PD, in addition to mimicking the same responses and side effects to drugs used to treat PD [37], [38]. Anatomically, intoxication with MPTP induces the same selective loss of substantia nigra DA n

• The molecular nature of these putative Ca channels is at

  2021-10-18

  

  The molecular nature of these putative Ca2+ Free Fatty Acid Quantification Colorimetric/Fluorometric Kit is at present unknown. Apart from the NSVDC channel, which is permeable to Ca2+ [27], [15] functional Ca2+ channels have been identified in patch clamp experiments [28]. These channels, which we

• br BA induced activation of

  2021-10-18

  

  BA-induced activation of TGR5 TGR5 is a membrane-bound G protein-coupled receptor for BAs and its activation is dependent on cAMP formation and further stimulation of protein kinase A [53], [31]. The receptor is expressed in the enterochromaffin cells, smooth muscles, immune cells and more import

• Binding of FGFs to FGFRs leads to receptor

  2021-10-16

  

  Binding of FGFs to FGFRs leads to receptor dimerization, resulting in the transphosphorylation of a tyrosine in the activation loop of the kinase domain. Subsequently, the activated FGFRs phosphorylate their intracellular receptor substrates, particularly FGFR substrate 2 (FRS2) and phospholipase C

• Type II diabetes is characterized

  2021-10-16

  

  Type II diabetes is characterized by an inability to maintain glucose homeostasis due to insulin desensitization and/or insufficient insulin secretion. GPR40, also known as free fatty Palosuran synthesis receptor 1 (FFAR1), is a member of the G-protein-coupled lipid-activated family of receptors and

• In this study we intended to explore the efficacy of

  2021-10-16

  

  In this study, we intended to explore the efficacy of artesunate on liver fibrosis and further clarify its potential molecular mechanism. Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone obtained from a Chinese plant Artemisia annua [27]. Artesunate, as a stable derivative of artemisinin, is an effective drug f

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